Social Theories essays

Social Theories expositions Social science has been characterized s the logical investigation of human collaboration furthermore, in that capacity, is acknowledged as a logical action (Leming 1997). Social science targets finding and clarifying watched occasions of and in nature by methods for a structure that can be tried. The objective of human science is, subsequently, to create a collection of information that will give an assemblage of information that will give not just a comprehension of the causal forms affecting human conduct yet additionally empower sociologists to foresee social practices (Leming). As a science, it seeks after discernible and provable regularities and clarifies these regularities by methods for a lot of recognizable and provable suggestions or proclamations of relationship (Leming). The very viability or achievement of human science lies unequivocally in the informative and prescient intensity of this group of information got from The fundamental parts or components of a hypothesis are a reasonable plan, a set of recommendations that expresses the connections among factors, and a setting for check (Leming). The applied plan comprises of thoughts that have unique properties not yet promptly obvious by direct tangible perception. It additionally has an arrangement of interrelated explanations of connections between factors, which crease the pieces of the idea together. The applied plan and the announcements of connections are combined and composed under a worldview (Leming). A worldview is the essential picture of a specific topic inside a science and fills in as setting for the confirmation (Leming 1997). It characterizes what ought to be examined and asked, how the inquiries ought to be presented also, the guidelines to see in deciphering the appropriate responses that will be gotten. It is the broadest unit of agreement inside a science, which subsumes, characterizes and between relates the models as well as factors, hypotheses, strategies, also, instruments inside it (Leming)... <!

Oreo market research Essay

Nabisco is an organization that has been in presence since 1898. During their 109 years in presence, they have developed through characteristic development, mergers, and acquisitions. This has permitted Nabisco to be the main nibble producer on the planet. The Oreo chocolate sandwich treat was first presented in Hoboken, N. J. in 1911. Oreos today are by a long shot the world’s most famous treat. The Oreo family represents around 10 percent of all store treat salesâ€a $3 billion market. Anyway as of late Nabisco has been hesitant to adjust to current market patterns. The organization was concentrating on creating new forms of existing items to make them progressively advantageous. Circumstance Analysis In 1898, the New York Biscuit Company and the American Biscuit and Manufacturing Company converged more than 100 pastry kitchens into the National Biscuit Company, later called Nabisco. Organizers Adolphus Green and William Moore, coordinated the merger and the organization immediately rose to initially put in the assembling and showcasing of treats and wafers in America. To extend their worldwide nearness and to reinforce their situation in the quickly developing purchaser snacks division, Philip Morris Co. Inc. obtained Nabisco Holdings in December 2000. Philip Morris bought Nabisco for $14. 9 billion in real money in addition to expected $4 million in the red. In the long run, Philip Morris coordinated the Nabisco brands with its Kraft Food activities. Furthermore, presently it incorporates brands, for example, Chips Ahoy, Fig Newtons, Mallomars, Oreos, Premium Crackers, Ritz Crackers, etc†¦.. Nabisco Arabia Company Ltd. (NAARCO) was shaped in 1995 as a joint endeavor between Nabisco International and The Olayan Group of Saudi Arabia. In 2000, NAARCO made a significant interest in another plant to deliver OREO, the world’s most famous treat. OREO treats were propelled in the Saudi market in March 2001 with a significant TV battle. Inside Analysis The $3 million plant redesign incorporated a totally different creation line, new workplaces, extra warehousing, and new wreckage spaces for the expanded work power. Hardware from Spain, Italy, India, France, and Austria went into the world-class office, under the oversight of Nabisco Technical Director Frank Willemsen and the Technical Services Manager Anselmo Codina. The individuals of Kraft have perceived that the business has a significant job in the public eye an obligation that included comprehension and meeting the public’s desires, assisting with tending to significant social, natural and monetary issues and having any kind of effect in neighborhood networks and the world. They immovably accept that â€Å"Our achievement will rely critically upon our eagerness and capacity to tune in, get input on what we’re doing from those both inside and outside Kraft and act dependably on issues of significant concern. † 1 Stargate Institute Market Analysis Target Market: The present objective market for the first vanilla filling Oreo is kids. The first Oreo treats have recently centered around and advanced the new hues for the creme filling and change the round molded treats into moves, which would create new enthusiasm among youngsters, who might thus persuade their folks to purchase the new treat. Geographic Factor: This task is done and carried on in Riyadh, the capital and biggest city of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh has a place with the chronicled locales of Nejd and Al-Yamama. The number of inhabitants in the city is 4,700,000 of which 60% are Saudis and 40 % are outsiders. What's more, the thickness is 3,024 km square. Segment Factor: As Riyadh is known for its limitations and being an Islamic nation, the family life cycles followed here are normally all relatives. Youthful single individuals can not live independently and autonomously, dreading for them youthful develop young men/young ladies will live under their families until its time for them to fire up their own families. What's more, by and large Saudi individuals are notable by their family estimates. A large portion of the family measures are more then 6 or even unquestionably more than that. This is the thing that makes the adolescent populace truly elevated in the realm. Also, it is something evident and general that Saudi individuals are referred to for their riches and considered as rich individuals and consequently acquire high wages. Conduct Factor: As Riyadh is creating, individuals presently are getting mindful of different new brands which are drawing in them to investigate and examine things. Ladies here are fixated on shopping and show a great disposition and enthusiasm towards the various brands. They are additionally considered as overwhelming clients with regards to mark reliability. 2 Stargate Institute Marketing Need As Oreo is a scone, and bread rolls are food, so the most significant need the Oreo bread rolls fulfill is Hunger. Yet, in the event that we further restricted down the requirements, Oreo can be fulfilling something other than the drive (hunger). *Oreo fulfills the sustaining need model, a mother experiencing issues in taking care of her 4 to 6 years of age kid with some sustenance food, can think about Oreo to take care of her kid with a taste of milk. *Oreo fulfills the impersonation need model, kids viewing the Oreo advertisement on TVs while different children are appreciating contorting, licking and dunking the treat into a glass of milk. This powers the children to need that treat immediately and emulate similar advances. *Oreo additionally fulfills the great need, and for this situation not just children will need to have some good times and appreciate Oreo even grown-ups like to have a ton of fun sometimes exclusively or even with their children. Market Trends Various on-proceeding to change inclines in the purchaser showcase influence the matter of an association. A portion of those affecting Oreo chocolate sandwich bread rolls are: A 2004 TNS concentrate among Saudis has discovered a pattern towards littler families. It uncovered that Saudis †understand the requirement for littler families to give a superior personal satisfaction for their youngsters. Females have been given consent by the administration to work which brought about the expansion of buying power. Driven by changing ways of life and populace development the effect on the food advertise has been sure. The market in this manner saw fast development over the survey time frame. The customers in Saudi market are viewed as dynamic switchers with a medium brand steadfastness level. In conclusion, an investigation was directed by TNS in 2007 which demonstrated that 99 percent of Saudi respondents in the examination devoured chocolate â€Å"food† (chocolates, chocolate milk, rolls, and so forth ) over the most recent seven days, an expansion from 95 percent in 2004. 3 Stargate Institute Market Growth in the Saudi Arabian scone showcase is being driven for the most part by two variables †right off the bat, the stamped increment in promoting spend by multinationals, for example, Nabisco, Master Foods and Danone. Besides, the fame of developing items, for example, chocolate-covered scones and bread substitutes, which have as of late been propelled in the market. Looks into have indicated that bread rolls, especially sweet scones, are commonly sold at low costs, averaging between SR0. 25 and SR2 (US $0. 06 †US $0. 53), for a solitary serve pack and appreciate incredible conveyance in all outlets. The rolls division is exceptionally evolved attributable to the quality of the nearby business in Saudi Arabia, spoke to by enormous makers, for example, United Food Industries. Oreo deals indicated a fluctuating outcome during the previous 13 years. At the point when Oreo at first was propelled into the market, deals expanded to a high degree for around 3 years yet then deals diminished for an extensive stretch during 1997 to 2002. Oreo advertising chiefs got mindful of their loses and promptly returned to activity and changed their promoting blend and began to present a few diverse new items. This exertion came about with high deals in 2008. Deals were added up to $4 billion and piece of the pie 41%.

International Law Essays (1672 words) - International Trade

Worldwide Law Worldwide law is the group of lawful guidelines that apply between sovereign states and such different elements as have been allowed worldwide character (status recognized by the worldwide network). The standards of worldwide law are of a standardizing character, that is, they recommend towards lead, and are possibly intended for legitimate translation by a universal legal power and by being fit for requirement by the utilization of outer approvals. The International Court of Justice is the head legal organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of Global Justice after World War II. Article 92 of the contract of the United Nations states: The International Court of equity will be the vital legal organ of the United countries. It will work as per the added Statute, which depends on the Rule of the Permanent court of International Justice and structures a vital piece of the present Charter. The orders of universal law must be those that the states force upon themselves, as states must provide agree to the orders that they will follow. It is a direct articulation of raison d'etat, the interests of the state, and expects to serve the state, too as ensure the state by giving its privileges and obligations. This is done through bargains and other consensual commitment which are lawfully official. The case-law of the ICJ is a significant part of the UN's commitment to the advancement of global law. It's decisions and warning assessments penetrates into the worldwide legitimate network through its choices as, for example, well as through the more extensive ramifications of its philosophy and thinking. The fruitful goals of the outskirt contest between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case delineates the utility of legal choice as a methods for settlement in regional debates. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ according to an exceptional understanding finished up by the gatherings in 1983. In December 1985, while composed entries were being readied, threats broke out in the contested zone. A truce was concurred, and the Chamber coordinated the proceeded with recognition of the truce, the withdrawal of troops inside twenty days, and the shirking of activities having a tendency to irritate the contest or bias its possible goals. The two Presidents freely invited the judgment and showed their expectation to agree to it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland , 1974) the ICJ added to the firm foundation in law of the possibility that humankind needs to preserve the living assets of the ocean and must regard these assets. The Court watched: It is one of the advances in sea worldwide law, coming about because of the heightening of angling, that the previous free enterprise treatment ofthe living assets of the ocean in the high oceans has been supplanted by an acknowledgment of an obligation to have due respect of the privileges of different States and the requirements of preservation to support all. Therefore, both parties have the commitment to keep inder survey the fishery assets in the contested waters and to look at together, in the light of logical and other accessible data, the measures required for the preservation and improvement, and fair misuse, of these assets, considering any worldwide understanding in power between them, for example, the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, too as such different understandings as might be reached in the issue over the span of further arrangement. The Court likewise held that the idea of special rights in fisheries isn't static. It is not necessarily the case that the particular privileges of a waterfront State in an extraordinary circumstance are a static idea, as in the level of the waterfront State's inclination is to be considered with respect to ever at some given second. Despite what might be expected, the special rights are an element of the extraordinary reliance of such a beach front State on the fisheries in contiguous waters and may, along these lines, shift as the degree of that reliance changes. The Court's judgment on this case adds to the improvement of the law of the ocean by perceiving the idea of the special privileges of a seaside state in the fisheries of the contiguous waters, especially if that state is in

Never Before Told Stories About College Essay Heading You Need to Read or Be Left Out

Never Before Told Stories About College Essay Heading You Need to Read or Be Left Out Work is performed under various Subjects each headed by means of a Referee. Writing is a present that comes naturally. The Materials and Methods section is a critical element of any formal lab report. It's extremely important to read carefully essay services reviews, because you would like to steer clear of low excellent services. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to find any kind of essay help you are searching for. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done also. If you are feeling unconfident, think about addressing a customized essay writing service for skilled assistance. The Awful Side of College Essay Heading Various ideas might call for various ways of representation. Style of writing can differ based on the intention or audience. If you're thinking that you require someone to compose my es say at this time, you can merely rely on our honest reviews. The sort of essay you're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline provided to you. Lies You've Been Told About College Essay Heading All you will need is to upload your work to us, and we'll look after it! The pages of the chief body should incorporate the running head and the number. The heading should begin with the top left corner of the webpage. So far as head starts are involved, you should make that very first few lines of the very first paragraph have as much impact as possible. The Tried and True Method for College Essay Heading in Step by Step Detail No prominent heading level should have just one instance. You might, obviously, opt to add one in case you truly feel like it adds. You have the unbelievable chance to determine on your own. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. College Essay Heading at a Glance There's, naturally, a limit on the rang e of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. If you've already graduated from college or university and are trying to find an excellent job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. Top Choices of College Essay Heading When the difficult work of writing an essay is completed, it's time to put in a title. The very first page of an essay doesn't require an essay header. After you finish writing your essay, you have to incorporate a reference section. For that reason, it's essential that you compose an essay that's honest, interesting, and well organized. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About College Essay Heading Considering all the knowledge areas and tips that you're already mindful of in writing a scholarship letter, you may easily put together all of the info that you have to make sure you and your scholarship letter will stick out. In fact, t he majority of application essays don't have one. If you discover that the writer did not provide just what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. In the event your college might need a different format you are going to have to speak with your tutor on the requirements. MLA referencing is an integral component of any assignment. To adhere to the easy MLA (Modern Language Association) instructions on the best way to format your essays, the examiners will believe you don't even have the ability to follow simple instructions properly. Harvard formatting takes a very specific title page. If you should stick to a mla essay format you must adhere to the guidelines for it. The Fundamentals of College Essay Heading Revealed A cover page might just be the absolute most important page in any written document. For example, if your headings are generally short phrases, make all the headings short phrases (and not, for instance, full sentences). All the temp lates are simple to download and print. Essay outline template is a powerful way to perform the process better. The Lost Secret of College Essay Heading Let's discuss each one of the elements of a university essay. There are various ways to begin an essay and all you have to do is to use one that can give the most positive impact to the folks who will review your scholarship essay. Getting conscious of common essay mistakes and the way to repair them can help you make an impressive scholarship essay. While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely difficult to write. For college applications, you might want to have a 10-step course on college application essay writing to learn more. The point is extremely crucial in writing college application essays, you might also learn about writing a thriving college application essay to learn more. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic.

Exploration of Social Darwinism within Jack Londons The Sea Wolf Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿An Exploration of Social Darwinism within Jack London's "The Sea Wolf" Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is a societal ideology which seeks to apply biological and evolutionary concepts of Darwinism to politics and sociology, assuming that group conflict leads to social development as a result of superior groups outperforming those inferior. The use of the survival and existence concepts is employed in social Darwinism in justifying social policies, and it does not differentiate between the rich and the poor. Many of these views emphasize on competition as clearly demonstrated in Jack London's "The Sea Wolf. " This novel is a near perfect hypothesis of social Darwinism at its best. The term "Social Darwinism" was coined in 1944, after the book was written thus being the reason that it is not present within the novel. This term however is a tag given to the philosophy advocated by Wolf Larsen to justify his dictatorial domination of others. His library is known to contain Darwin, Malthus and Spencer’s works who are influential theorists of the concept. Although his biological theories were usually used to support and enlighten on the concept of sociology, Darwin himself did not uphold these very concepts of Social Darwinism, that social inequality is the inevitable result arising from meritocratic division of existing resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of Social Darwinism within Jack London's The Sea Wolf or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now These are the very basics which have been used to justify laissez-faire capitalism and racism concepts, almost certainly advocated by Wolf Larsen (Bannister, 2000). The concept of Social Darwinism is summarized by Larsen in his comprehensive comparison of a yeasty ferment of existence. The problem of course is the application of these talents and intellectual freedom. Wolf Larsen does not seem able to move beyond using his individualism and his very real powers to dominate those around him. When a sailor, Johnson challenges Larsen (much like van Weyden often did), but Larsen brutally beats him. Larsen probably agrees with London on the utter futility of cooperation and altruism in a Darwinian world. I see no evidence that London read Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid, which shows that natural selection favors cooperation as much as it does with conflict and struggle (Bannister, 2000). Larsen is approximately five feet with a massive build with broad s houlders certainly embodying power. He has a solid academic background, his father being a doctor in physics. He has a B. A in Economics and statistics and an MBA. He was also actively involved in sports and acting. He is a very all rounded individual and way above average in whatever he sets out to do. Born in West Berlin, Germany, his parents met when his father was stationed in Berlin for six years, his mother being of Scandinavian descent (Bannister, 2000). The most elaborate excerpt from the novel which greatly illuminates his position as per social Darwinism is where he says that he thought that life was ferment and that living may have been a mere successful priggishness. Here, he wonders loudly why supply and demand makes life one of the cheapest things in the world according to his opinion. He argues that the abundance of earth, water and air make life so easy, yet people still struggle to survive (London, 1904, p. 301). This is by far the most elaborate as per this topi c. In this novel, we see London’s ocean-borne exploration of social Darwinism at its most elemental. The world of the ghost, the ship on which the sea wolf unfolds, is an overtly social Darwinian mocrocosm, a high-seas Hobbesian state of nature ruled by an explicitly satanic tyrant. The tension builds towards critical confrontation between Van Weyden and captain. This is where we see Larsen begin to preach the passion of revolt and declares his allegiance to Milton’s vision of the fallen angel. Larsen shows a harsh though nonetheless valid interpretation of Nietzsche’s focus on power, combined with pitiless theories of social selection to form the imperative â€Å"Might is right, and that’s all there is to it. † Wolf Larsen is like the global capitalist class in that he does not feel the need to justify his actions because they are simply the logical extension of natural law. This is the way the world is. He argues that to dream of alternatives w here brutality and exploitation do not exist is a waste of energy (Bowler, 2003). However, we should ask ourselves this, ‘does individualism lead either to being an exploiter who realizes her power over her neighbors, or the exploited, who failed to realize she needs others?    Individualism builds upon a foundation of solidarity and community is one way to negotiate this dilemma. Unfortunately, we live in Wolf Larsen’s world and in the Wolf Larsen’s world, Wolf Larsen will rule, since Social Darwinism rules (Bannister, 2000). References   Bannister, R.C. (2000). Social Darwinism. Retrieved January 2, 2011, from http: //autocww. colorado. edu/~toldy2/E64ContentFiles/SociologyAndReform/SocialDarw inism. html Bowler, P. J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea. California: University of California Press. London, J. (1904). The Sea-Wolf. London: Macmillan.

The Mythology Of The Gods - 848 Words

In the Iliad, the gods were portrayed with human qualities. They intervened or refused to intervene based on their emotional attachments and were ultimately the influence of the humans’ actions throughout the poem. The gods and humans’ similar qualities allowed the humans to exercise free will instead of being puppets to the gods. The comparative personalities also allowed Homer to use the gods to explain certain characters behaviors. Unlike many religions, the Homeric gods intervened due to some personal emotional attachment in a human like manner. Aphrodite saves Paris when he is about to be killed by Menelaus, Thetis asks Zeus to help restore the honor of her son, Achilles, and Athena granted Diomedes sight of the gods during a battle to help the Greeks. In Book 5, Diomedes wounded one god, Ares. Ares confirmed the intervening was emotional when he exclaims â€Å"Ah what chilling blows we suffer – thanks to our own conflicting wills – whenever w e show these mortal men some kindness.† (Book 5) This line as well as the actions of the gods suggested that Homer recognized the relationship of the gods and mortals as emotional attachment and that divinity was only the separation of a hierarchy. Homer also used many parallels in the story of gods and humans to explain his concept of divinity. The entire story line of the Iliad is caused by Menalaos’ emotional attachment of his wife, Helen, after she leaves him and the Greeks for a Trojan, Paris. Menelaos’ broken prideShow MoreRelatedThe Mythology Of The Gods997 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes makes it function interchangeably with these of the Olympian gods. 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Although most of us no longer worship the sun or the sea as divine, part of the reason why mythology remains so prominent today is itsRead MoreOlympian Gods of Greek Mythology1012 Words   |  5 PagesGreek mythology is the myths and legends the ancient Greeks centred their lives around. The ancient Greeks used it to explain the events and components of the world around them. Their religion included gods and heroes, crea tion stories, and the origins of their civilisations and rituals. It is topic that had been studied and examined in great depth for thousands of years. This fascinating religions messages and influences are reflected in today’s modern society, and many similarities can be foundRead MoreNorse Mythology : The Norse Gods1750 Words   |  7 PagesHow Marvel Comics has Americanized the Norse Pantheon Norse mythology has always been close to the consciousness of the public. If we look at all the references in comics, movies, literature, art, music and graphic novels it is absolutely full of them. This close relationship to the Norse myths could be embedded into our society partly because of the influence of Christianity into the Scandinavian culture during their changing of religion. The texts that we have as our source material are theRead MoreGreek Mythology : Gods And Goddesses1725 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Greek Mythology: Gods and Goddesses, The ancients Greeks were polytheistic which means they used to worship many gods. Greek gods and goddesses used to live at the top of Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. However, despite their great powers, gods and goddesses were much like humans, and sometimes they had to come down to hearth to get involved and intervened in the affairs of mortals, involving with men and women as patrons, enemies, and sometimes lovers. Greek mythology describedRead MoreGreek Mythology : Gods And Goddesses1972 Words   |  8 Pages Carine Kessie ENG 2010-29 Van De Water April 21, 2017 Greek Mythology: Gods and Goddesses The ancients Greeks were polytheistic which means they used to worship many gods. In the past, Greek gods and goddesses used to live at the top of Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. However, despite their great powers, gods and goddesses were much like humans, and sometimes they had to come down to hearth to intervene in the affairs of mortals, involving men and women, enemies, and sometimes loversRead MoreThe Gods Of Greek And Roman Mythology1006 Words   |  5 PagesMany say that the gods of Greek and Roman mythology find their origin to the days of Noah — and I would argue — the time of the Canaanites some 3500 plus years ago. In these stories, we find all sorts of beings that are part human and part divine (gods). Is it just one more coincidence that The Bible teaches that The Antichrist will head up a ten-nation kingdom made up from the old Roman Empire? That The Antichrist himself will eventually become part human and part angel when Satan comes into himRead MoreThe Gods of Greek Mythology Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesIn Greek Mythology, perhaps one of the most rudimental yet one of the most important elements are the Greek Gods and Goddesses. The ancient Greeks created the stories about the lives and journeys of the Greek Gods, known as myths, simply as an endeavor to elucidate nature and all phenomena which were difficult to explain using modern science and logic. These myths about the Gods were spread around the world by explorers and storytellers, and later merged with Greek religion. To this day, numerousRead MoreGreek Mythology : Greek Gods1063 Words   |  5 Pagesover 300 characters in Greek Mythology? Today we will not be going over all of them but a lot of the will be mentioned. So now without further ado, presenting Greek Mythology! Chaos- Chaos is the parent of everything and everyone in greek mythology. Everything originated from Chaos. Gaea- In Greek Mythology Gaea meant Earth. She was the offspring of Chaos. Gaea and Chaos had a son named Uranus. Gaea later married Uranus and their children became various sky gods. Later, Gaea was wed to PontosRead MoreMythology : Tales Of Gods And Heroes1672 Words   |  7 PagesMythology: Tales of Gods and Heroes Glossary: Important Gods (1) Zeus, also known as Jupiter. Brother to Poseidon and Hades. He is the supreme leader of the Gods and he is the Lord of the Sky, the Rain-God, and the cloud gatherer, who wielded the incredible Thunderbolt. His power alone was greater than that of all the divinities combined. He once told his family â€Å"I am mightiest of all. Make trial that you may know. Fasten a rope of gold to heaven and lay hold, every God, and Goddess. You could not

Ann Taylor External Analysis free essay sample

Market Size and Growth The National Retail Federation reported that the retail niches showing the greater growth were department stores, stores catering to the teenage children of baby boomers, and apparel chains aimed to women over 35. The industry retail industry is big but the specialty retailer is small. $45. 9 billion of total $108. 7 billion women’s clothing purchases in 2009. Major firms are reporting down sales during the past quarters. Economic of Scale Fouth firms dominated the industry, which indicate that large firms have an advantage and economic of scales are present. To enjoy economic of scales specialty retail stores create use brand extension to appeal to different segments (production) ad brand expansion (marketing) Vertical Integration Some of the bigger fashion companies are vertically integrated with their line of production so as to be able to shorten production cycle and be able to adapt to the current demand as well as customer satisfaction. Integrated manufacturing, distribution and retail together, with every step of the process done in-house and not replying on outsourcing. From designing and marketing, fabric storage to warehouse distribution and retail, Degree of Product Differentiation Unlike department stores that sell many different types of products for many types of customers, specialty retailers focus on one type of product item and offer many varieties of that item. Always looking for new segments which can create a branding problem. The product differentiation is low because the product can be produce by other firms. Companies need to compete in price. These dominant economic traits indicate that the structure of this industry is difficult to earn a positive income because is a small industry segment and is dominated by large firms. What kinds of competitive forces are at work? Threat of new entrants low * Is easy to enter in the retail industry but hard in specialty retail. Majority of stores are chain stores. Their vertical structure and centralized buying gives chain stores a competitive advantage over independent retailers. If a company has a patent for a product is difficult to enter to the industry. Bargaining power of buyers moderate * The industry sells directly to customers, consumes are free to shop anywhere but there a few alternatives. This makes the industry more attractive. Bargaining power of suppliers low * Specialty retail stores are segmented and suppliers can influence price, quality, and terms. Is a small part of a whole industry, if supplies decided that the segment does not represent a significant fraction of its sales they can exert power. Apparel stores are known to have a higher quality standard, if suppliers don’t meet this standard they could get dropped from their line. Threat of substitutes – low * Clothing is common known as the basic need for human life. It is a kind of necessity and is hard to find substitutes to replace the function. Basically, apparel products are no major different in nature, but the main differentiation may come from the brands. So, the treat of substitutes seems not an important factor. Intensity of rivalry high * There are a lot of brands existing in the market. They try to differentiate themselves in order to find their niche and decrease competition, but nonetheless in every niche there are 3-5 direct competitors of different size, but in some locations there are only 1-2 firms and so these locations are quite attractive to the new entrants. Competition primarily based on the customer image that firm created and quality, price is the second thing. E-commerce also forces competition because it seriously increases availability of the product in any location. Value-Net * Target a celebrity that is known to ware specialty products. Partner with a magazine who target women over 35 but they were luxury clothes. Partner with other high quality products like cars and phones. Is an extreme competitive industry and there are few complements that would provide options to expand the size of the market. What forces are driving change? Luxury fashion spending was up 35 % in 2010, while mainstream fashion gained 8 % overall. +, Great growth of department stores+, 2009 worse holiday season generate a wave of retail closures among many well- known brands. -, 2008 women’s clothes retailer had felt downturn and lost customers and cause shoppers to cut back on purchases. -, Customer had shown a clear preference for select high-end ap parel willing to pay a premium on something that delivers luxury+ Spending in valued-oriented stores has been stable- China wages increase were causing inflation in merchandise manufacturing. Over the next few days is going to be rare for specialty apparel retailer to return to its historical level of profitability. Over all the trends seem to be negative making the industry more comperative. 4. Which rivals are strongly positioned and which are not? What strategic moves are rivals likely to make next? Ann Taylor ANN History: Since 1954, Ann Taylor has been the wardrobe source for busy, socially upscale women, and the classic basic black dress. , Contained two division segments: AT and LOFT, In 1998 Ann Taylor created the Ann Taylor Factory, 2000 online store was launched. Goals: improving profitability while enhancing both brands. Restoring performance at the Ann Taylor division and. Restoring the momentum at LOFT. Performance: the stock responded with new highs, moving to a peak of over $40 in late 2006, but the stock price retreated in 2007 and 2008. At the end of 2010 the 4th quarter results indicated sales had jumped 10 % from 2009 and although gross margins fell to 51. 7 % from 52. 5 a year early earning per share had nearly quadrupled. Has suffer manager turnover Next Move: increase traffic to the Ann Taylor brand and future enhancing the brand experience. Improving the LOFT brand stores channel and continue to capitalize on the potencial o the online and outlet channels. Investing in the growth of ecommerce channel. Renovating stores to increase productivity. Implement technology for inventory Talbot TLB History: Acquired J. Jill group in 2006 – specialty retailer offering casual fashion through multichannel targeting women age 35 to 55 and Talbot targeting women age 45 to 65. Decided to sell J. Jill in 2009 in the wake of retailing’s â€Å"abysmal holiday season† They have problems integrating both firms They we suffering with inventory that was too â€Å"mature† Goals: Brand s target high-income, college educated professional over 35. Performance: Sales dropped in 2010 by 1. 6 percent, but online and direct sales had increase 9. 8 to 6. 7. CEO was expending that the web channels would spark growth. Inventory turnover 4. 87 and operating margin -1. 31 Next Move: Implement technology for inventory. Open new channels for distribution. Target a different niche 6. What are the key factors for future success? The critical requirements to compete in this industry are: * Maintain quality in merchandise mix: Requires right product mix, And also increase the inventory turnover ratio, Requires to stay up with fashion trends * Remarkable customer service: Quick response to customers, And pay extra attention to customers’ needs * Control inventory: Keep merchandise in 3 price lines budget, off price and moderate. Create a computer system to maintain control of inventory and improve productivity * Marketing: Established a recognized brand. Explore different niches markets Create different distribution channels 7. Is the industry attractive? In conclusion the retail industry is lack of substitutes, easy to entry, the bargain power of buyers is high and for suppliers relatively low. Overall, the attractiveness of the industry is quite favorable. | Local/regional| National/global| New entrant| yes| yes| Established firm| yes| yes|

Need For Federal Government Involvement In Education Essays

Need For Federal Government Involvement In Education The Need for Federal Government Involvement in Education Reform by____________ Political Science 2301 Federal and State Government OVERVIEW For centuries, generations of families have congregated in the same community or in the same general region of the country. Children grew up expecting to earn a living much like their fathers and mothers or other adults in their community. Any advanced skills they required beyond the three R's (Readin', Ritin' and Rithmatik) were determined by the local community and incorporated into the curriculum of the local schools. These advanced skills were taught to the up- and-coming generation so they could become a vital part of their community. The last several decades has greatly expanded the bounds of the community to almost anywhere in the country or anywhere in the world for that matter. Advances in transportation and communication has made the world a much smaller place then the world we knew as children. The skills our children need to realize parents' perpetual dream of their children having a better life are no longer limited to those seen in the local area. It is becoming more and more apparent that the education system of yesterday cannot adequately prepare students for life and work in the 21st Century. These concerns have prompted people across the country to take a hard look at our education system and to organize their efforts to chance the education system as we know it. WHAT'S HAPPENING OUT THERE? There are two major movements in recent years whose focus is to enhance the education of future generations. The Standards movement focuses on educational content and raising the standards of traditional teaching and measurement means and methods. The Outcome Based Education (OBE) movement is exploring new ways of designing education and changing the way we measure the effectiveness of education by focusing on results or outcomes. STANDARDS MOVEMENT In September 1989, President Bush and the nation's governors called an Education Summit in Charlottesville, Virginia. At this summit, President Bush and the nation s governors, including then-governor Bill Clinton, agreed on six broad goals for education to be reached by the year 2000. Two of those goals (3 and 4) related specifically to academic achievement: * Goal 3: By the year 2000, American students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency in challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, history, and geography; and every school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our modern economy. * Goal 4: By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in science and mathematics achievement. Soon after the summit, two groups were established to implement the new educational goals: the National Education Goals Panel (NEGP) and the National Council on Education Standards and Testing (NCEST). Together, these two groups were charged with addressing unprecedented questions regarding American education such as: What is the subject matter to be addressed? What types of assessments should be used? What standards of performance should be set? The summit and its aftermath engendered a flurry of activity from national subject matter organizations to establish standards in their respective areas. Many of these groups looked for guidance from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics who publishing the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics in 1989. The NCTM standards redefined the study of math so that topics and concepts would be introduced at an earlier age, and students would view math as a relevant problem-solving discipline rather than as a set of obscure formulas to be memorized. The National Science Teachers Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science quickly launched independent attempts to identify standards in science. Efforts soon followed in the fields of civics, dance, theater, music, art, language arts, history, and social studies, to name a few. OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION MOVEMENT The decade of the 80s brought numerous education reforms, but few of them were a dramatic shift from what has gone on before. Outcome-based education (OBE) is one of those that is new, even revolutionary, and is now being promoted as the panacea for America's educational woes. This reform has been driven by educators in response to demands for greater accountability by taxpayers and as a vehicle for breaking with traditional ideas about how we teach our children. If implemented, this approach to curriculum development could change our schools more than any other reform proposal in the last thirty years. The focus of past and present curriculum has been on content, on the knowledge

The Difference Between Copyediting and Proofreading

The Difference Between Copyediting and Proofreading The Difference Between Copyediting and Proofreading The Difference Between Copyediting and Proofreading By Mark Nichol Many people confuse these two distinct editorial skills, but it’s important to recognize how they differ, and why. The most obvious distinction is the form the medium takes. Copyediting, once performed by making marks and writing revisions on a typewritten manuscript, is now generally carried out by entering changes in a word-processing program like Microsoft Word. Proofreading, by contrast, is done on a facsimile of the finished product a proof, hence the name. Proofreading is usually still completed on hard copy with a pen or pencil, but it’s sometimes accomplished by electronically marking up a PDF (a file created with Adobe’s Portable Document Format; that’s where the initials come from). But that’s just the beginning. The copy editor’s task is to finesse a writer’s prose so that it observes all the conventions of good writing. A writer may be skilled at explaining a procedure or verbally depicting a scene, but the copy editor is the one who makes sure the manuscript’s syntax is smooth, that the writing adheres to the conventions of grammar, and that wording is proper and precise and punctuation is appropriate and correctly placed. The copy editor may also do or suggest some reorganizing, recommend changes to chapter titles and subheadings, and call out lapses in logic or sequential slip-ups. This attention is especially important when the content editor the person who helps the writer shape their prose has minimal time (or skill) or is absent altogether. All the while, if the project is a book manuscript, an extensive report, or something else of significant length, the copy editor compiles a style sheet, a statement of overall editorial policy (serial comma, or no? numbers spelled out, or in numeral form?) and a record of idiosyncratic word usage. (Just how do you spell fuggedaboudit? According to the style sheet, just like that every time.) Many style sheets also list all proper nouns to make sure names are always spelled and capitalized consistently, though search functions and spell-checking programs have rendered that usage somewhat superfluous. The proofreader, by contrast, is assigned to check a reproduction of what the finished product will look like. And the task is not revision, but correction making sure that no typographical errors remain from the manuscript or were introduced in the production stage. New text, such as captions, for example, is often entered separately and may not have been edited. Alternatively, an element anything from a letter to a paragraph or more may have been inadvertently omitted or repeated, or misplaced. Because most text is copied and pasted directly from an electronic document, this mishap is unlikely but not unknown. Then there are esthetic issues: too many end-of-line hyphens in a row, or a word broken in half at the end of a column or page, or a widow (a very short final line of a paragraph at the top of a column). The proofreader is also the main beneficiary of the style sheet’s compilation. Hey, it’s fuggedaboutit on page 37, and fuggedaboudit on page 59. Which one’s correct? The second spelling, according to the style sheet. Proofreaders are also expected to check page numbers or recurring copy at the top or bottom of a page that identifies a section in a periodical or a chapter or book title. They make sure the font and type size and weight for one text element matches another element of that class. They double-check that photo captions match the content of the photographs or that when text refers to a table, a chart, or a figure, the graphic element consists of what the text says it does and they proof that element, too. Proofreaders may also catch grammatical errors or inconsistency of style, and they are often given some leeway to change or at least call out egregious errors, but they’re generally constrained by not being permitted to revise the text in any way that adds or subtracts the number of lines on a page, because doing so may adversely affect the graphic design. In summary, copyediting is a more qualitative skill and proofreading is more quantitative, though there’s quite a bit of overlap, and someone who does well at one often succeeds at the other as well. Proofreading usually pays less and is a pathway to copyediting, but many editors (myself included) do both. To save time or money or both, many print and online publishers alike have curtailed or abandoned either stage (or, worse, both stages) of the editing process and it’s almost invariably obvious. But there are still enough people out there who value rigorous attention to detail in written expression that the copyediting and proofreading professions aren’t going anywhere, and adept practitioners will remain in demand. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Childhood Immunizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Childhood Immunizations - Research Paper Example Awareness, support, and advocacy practices by nurses have gone over and above the mandated immunizations to encompass recommended immunizations (Cooper, Larson, & Katz, 2008). This process has impacted on leadership in nursing by revolutionizing the execution of health programs designed to improve health care and welfare of children and adults. Over the years, nurses have worked and collaborated with local, state, and federal authorities and agencies in formulating and implementing disease control and prevention measures (Kyle, 2008). Needless to say, such measures have encompassed child immunizations. In the process, childhood through adulthood immunizations registry has been developed. This has subsequently made childhood immunizations a traceable and effectively and efficiently managed health issue. In conclusion, the role played by the nursing fraternity in addressing child immunization as a health problem is fundamental. AAP (2006) argues that the role, contribution, and practice by nurses have resulted in a significant increase in immunization rates over time. Moreover, information completeness and accuracy have streamlined childhood immunizations even

The Distortions in Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Distortions in Global Warming - Essay Example The Distortions in Global Warming According to Spencer Weart (2003), there are scientists who claim that there had been no real global warming trend at all, that the statistics of record-breaking heat since 1970s were illusory. (p. 165) For instance, according to him, expert groups somehow failed to properly account for the well-known effects of urbanization in the temperature fluctuation when they compiled weather statistics. Furthermore, Weart argued that leading climate modelers, those who simulate the earth’s climate and atmosphere, have admitted that there were discrepancies on the tools and methods used and, hence, the results of their procedure. For example, â€Å"their models typically had a strong sensitivity to greenhouse gases, predicting roughly 3 degrees Celsius of global warming for a doubling of CO2†¦ For the known increase of greenhouse gases over the twentieth century, the models calculated a one-degree rise, but the temperature actually recorded had risen half a degree. Another galling problem was that different models gave different predictions for just how global warming would affect a given locality.† (p. 165) Global warming is an exaggerated issue. It is predictably blown out of proportion by the political and professional climate in which it evolved. As previously mentioned, elsewhere in this paper, the prevention of the warming of the earth’s atmosphere is a valid issue. But the propensity of the global warming hype makes a fool out of people and becomes an open entry for political, economic and even media exploitation.

Global Communication Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Global Communication Worksheet Essay Your supervisor wants to send a brief e-mail message, welcoming employees recently transferred to your department from different regions across the company, which are Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Create a clear and concise welcome message that would be appropriate for these groups of employees. Research the communication style of each of the following countries: Brazil Russia India China Transcribe the following welcome message for the employees from each country: I wanted to welcome you ASAP to our little family here in the States. It’s high time we shook hands in person and not just across the sea. I’m pleased as punch about getting to know you all, and I for one will do my level best to sell you on America. Complete the table below with your transcribed welcome messages. Also indicate whether each of the countries are more individualistic or relationship focused, and whether they are direct or indirect in their communication. Country Transcribe Welcome Message Relationship or Individualistic? Direct or Indirect?

The Earth’s Nuclear Core Essay -- Easrth Geology Geological Essays

The Earth’s Nuclear Core The Earth’s core is like a massive nuclear reactor, burning uranium into lighter elements, and producing much of the geological phenomenon observed on the Earth. This fission reactor is responsible for producing most of the Earth’s heat and energy, as well as, the phenomenon of geomagnetism. There is substantial reason to believe that the center of the Earth is a massive nuclear reactor derived from empirical data observed in the earth, and logical evidence to prove that the theory is true. The theory started when geologists in the fifties began whether natural occurring nuclear fission was possible. Eventually, empirical evidence presented itself. In 1972 at the Oklo uranium mine in western Africa, a natural nuclear fission reactor was discovered deep within the earth. The discovery provided an answer to the possibility of naturally occurring nuclear fission in the earth. Based on this discovery and other logical observations, the geophysicist, J. Marvin Herndon, proposed his theory in 1972, of massive planetary nuclear reactors. Recently Herndon proposed his newest theory. The theory is that the Earth has an estimated, five mile diameter, nuclear fission reactor in it’s core. This theory contradicts many traditional theories of geophysics, but is not with out ample evidence and reason to testify to it’s likely hood. Herndon, explains the conditions that must be present for a natural fission process to occur. The process of fission is the simply put, the breaking apart of heavy atoms to create lighter more stable atoms. Most elements try to become more stable through the processes of fusion or fission. These elements will generally form into a noble gas, those elements in ... ...m is that nobody has been able to disprove this theory. The founder of the theory, J. M. Herndon says, â€Å"I wish someone would respond, tell me that the science is wrong, but I just get nothing.† This says a great deal about the validity of these arguments. Anyone who would disagree would simply be ignoring the plethora of evidence stacked against other arguments. With so much evidence, and an apparent lack of serious opposition, it is difficult for any reasonable person to disagree with the idea of nuclear fission at the core of the Earth. This theory explains many phenomenon as well as answers old questions about the Earth. It should be understood that this theory is feasible and logical. So much evidence is certainly too convincing to ignore, and ignoring such an amount of evidence would be entirely foolish, for a scientist, institution, or any other person.

Diuretics Used in Sport

Alan Green W10013152 Methods of enquiry in sport and exercise science Structured essay Diuretics used in sport Diuretics are chemicals which are often used in sport to aid performance. The function of diuretics is to change the natural balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Some athletes use diuretics to control weight; this is especially important in sports such as boxing where participants need to meet weight categories. Not only can diuretics help athletes to perform in lighter weight categories, they can also be used as a masking agent for other drugs.Diuretics dilute urine which can often help pass drugs tests. It is important that drugs such as diuretics are identified and managed in sports performance. This is especially true at elite levels as athletes have an unfair advantage when taking drugs to improve success. The use of research questions can help the understanding of drugs such as diuretics being used in sport. For research questions to be beneficial they have to be all of the following: Specific, measurable, achievable and realistic. Below are 4 specific research questions based around diuretics being used at elite levels in sport.By identifying research questions, understanding of the problem is increased: 1. To what extent can diuretics be used to improve an athlete’s performance? The use of this research question will allow the understanding of the physiological effect diuretics have on the body of an athlete. Article: Drugs in sport: Diuretics and masking agents. Mottram. 2. What is the relationship between diuretic consumption and the masking of performance enhancing drugs? Answering this research question will allow the understanding on how diuretics can be used as a masking agent for other performance enhancing drugs.Article: Exercise and sports nutrition: Principles, Promises, science and recommendations. Krieder et al. 3. What would be the overall effects on sport if the ban on diuretics and the drugs they mask was lifted ? By answering this research question, the ethics behind sport and fair play can be understood. Article: Anti-doping policies: New directions, Waddington and Smith. 4. What effects does the long term use of diuretics have on dehydration? Answering this research question will help the understanding of the effects of changing the natural balance of fluids in the body and how they can affect the liver causing dehydration.Article: Performance enhancing drugs in sport and exercise, Bahrke and Yesalis 5. What effect doe duretics have on cell structure The question being used for the remainder of this essay is: What would be the overall effects on sport if the ban on diuretics and the drugs they mask was lifted? This question can be used to understand the issues around the use of diuretics in sport. By using this research question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Academic disciplines which provide theorectical underpinning to the research This question can help the understanding of the psychological effects on using diuretics.Allowing the use of diuretics in sport would affect athletes psychologically by making them feel superior and confident about their performance. However if performance enhancing drugs were legalised in sport, athletes would have unfair advantages. Diuretics are commonly used in sports which have weight categories such as boxing and body building In order to collect data from the research question, it has to be operationalised. Design Sample Instrumental Data analysis One problem with validity, one with reliability and one with ethics ValidityTo answer this I looked at what validity is in research terms. Basically validity is whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring and as objectively as it says it is. Is the researcher really looking to prove a point or disprove a point and in doing so have they used a) Valid research questions to measure the required information and b) Is the research really measuring what is says it is measuring It is not difficult to see that if the answer to the above questions are both â€Å"no† then the research must be said to be invalid ReliabilityReliability looks at whether the research can be reliable in as much as can it be applied to a wider group with confidence that the same or similar results will follow thus making the research reliable. It is clear that reliability has a direct link then to sample sizes and sample validity and the spectrum of the sample, for example if a piece of company research only sampled 50 of its customers from 20,000 customers all of whom had completed a satisfaction survey and returned it with positive result in the past, could this be said to be a reliable as it has clearly taken a relatively small sample and unethically used past known positives?It can be seen that the data capture process or research methods have a big impact on reliability. Ethics Again I sought to answer this question by looking at what ethics was in both normal everyday si tuations and in research terms. In both cases it appears to be about morals and right and wrong. The debate in research terms seems to be a very large one, however I came across this statement â€Å"†¦.. our assumption is that academic freedom does not confer a â€Å"right to do research† Anthropology Matters Journal 2010, Vol 12 (1) http://eprints. oas. ac. uk/10352/1/The_problem_of_ethics_in_contemporary_anthropological_research. pdf From this and further reading I think the single biggest problem with research ethics is different people have different ethical value bases and believe different things are right and wrong. It is clear however that if the ethical basis of the research can be easily attacked then it validity and reliability must both come into question.It is also clear that different sectors of society may take different views from different perspectives i. e. a financial institutuion may take a different view than a church. References: ALPHABETICAL ORDER Waddingoton, I. Smith, A. (2009) Addicted to winning? An introduction to drugs in sport. Richard B. Kreider, Brian C. Leutholtz, Frank I. Katch, Victor L. Katch 2009 Michael S. Bahrke, Charles Yesalis – 2002 – David. R Mottram 2011 5th editition

The Between Media And Body Image - 1348 Words

discrimination, and condemnation. The thin ideal has been constructed by the society and by the media. But women are affected that kind of construction. Mass media give narrow definition about the standard of beauty. Delis noticed this massage everywhere, especially in the media, â€Å"I am so affected by Glamour magazine and Vogue and all that; I’m looking at all these beautiful women. They’re thin. I want to be just as beautiful. I want to be just as thin. Because that is what guys like† (Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy 12). The media representation of the thin ideal has been connected to the predominance of body image dissatisfaction and dieting disorders. This is also one of the important reason about the connection between the media and body image. This connection is serious because low body image sometimes leads to disordered eating (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating), which in turn can lead to death in the United States. Mass media does not measured healthy habit. It is only measured women waist, hip, and thigh. The pressure to be unhealthy thin is a reality of the today’s society. Reading of the fashion m agazines that women use these magazines for information about how to be thin and beautiful that should be influencing Females’ dieting behaviors. Everyday teenage girls and women are victim with a narrow definition of beauty, which is only limited in physical appearance. In addition, it is influenced by mass media. The Barbie doll is one of the advertisement of mass media,Show MoreRelatedHow Does Self Discrepancy Of Media Influenced Body Image Affect Adolescents Self Esteem?1235 Words   |  5 PagesSection A: Project Details Title: How does self-discrepancy of media-influenced body image affect adolescents’ self-esteem? Abstract: Research has shown that exposure to thin-ideal media is related to body dissatisfaction. Consequently, the accumulated dissatisfying emotions regarding one’s body can evolve into distorted body perception. 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Young women are also influenced by the images that they see in commercials, billboards, internet sites, and movies. These images serve to harm a woman’s self confidence and also are affecting their overall health. Today’s mass media messages are having a negativeRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Image1484 Words   |  6 Pages Media has developed to become omnipresent in the day to day lives of the westernized societies. The media is considered a gigantic umbrella that houses a plethora of different outlets underneath it such as television, music videos, magazines, commercials, video games and social media. In this paper, the effects of media and various media types are examined to understand their potential outcomes. Focusing on how and if media affects body image in girls and women, the themes of dieting awarenessRead MoreAre You Beach Body Ready?1232 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Are you beach body ready?† This is a slogan of a controversi al advertisement in the UK with a slender, yet curvy woman in a bikini. Even though this commercial is for promoting diet products, the focal unrealistic, idealized female body image in a bikini and her seductive eyes make the most women ashamed of their body images. Sweney reported, the advertisement was a controversial issue due to a reason of women’s sexual objectification and banned in the UK eventually. Even though the advertisementRead MoreEssay about Movie Icons1614 Words   |  7 Pages Back then, the ideal female body is by having a smaller mid-section (e.g. hourglass ideal/corsets). Marilyn Monroe’s tiny waist and seemingly large bust line triggered female fans to start to engage more on physical activities. The outburst on slender-looking portrayal of body-image began in early 1960s (e.g. Fashion icon, Twiggy). Most western societies experience enormous pressures on individuals to conform and achieve the thin-ideal. This influence by mass-media affects jus t about anyone includingRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture, society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfaction with people s body size. On the

The Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison And Gorilla My Love By...

Clearness of Vision and of Life In both Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and Gorilla My Love by Toni Bambara, the description of the main character s vision symbolizes the character’s conceptualization of their future. Both of these stories’ main characters start with clear vision and a clear sense of their futures. In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the narrator is tasked with the responsibility of driving Mr. Norton around; at the beginning of the drive, the narrator intently listens to Mr. Norton’s story and has his â€Å"eyes glued to the white line dividing the highway† (Ellison 31). He focuses on driving and doing his job correctly; similarly the narrator also heavily focuses on his academic success at the university and completing his job†¦show more content†¦At school, he no longer has to fight for money in battle royals; he can focus on his studies. He focuses on the white line while driving just as he focuses on his education at this point in his life. This same symbolism also in Toni Bambara s Gorilla My Love. The narrative begins with the narrator, Hazel, in the front seat of the car, reading the map and giving her grandfather directions. At this point in her story, Hazel can clearly read the map and give directions. Regarding her map-reading duties, Hazel states, â€Å"when you sittin in the navigator seat with a wet thumb on the map crinkly in your lap, watchin the roads...you got sense enough to say take the next exit or take a left† (Bambara 1). Due to her ability to clearly read the map and give directions, it can be concluded that her vision is not clouded by anything at this time. She knows where she is going and how to get there; Hazel still has â€Å"got sense enough to say take the next exit or take a left† (Bambara 1). She does not have a trouble in the world and she simply is doing what she always does, reading the map for her grandfather. Hazel still believes that her uncle will actually marry her and t hat she will become his wife. Her future is still clear and unobstructed; she can clearly see which way to go and how to get there. But this initial clear vision does not last for both narrators, instead, both of

Essay on Modernization Theory The Development Ladder

Modernisation theory has been a dominant theory since post-World War II (McMichael 2012:5) to describe development and social change. It is structured and outlined through five different stages of development ladder proposed by Walt Whitman Rostow in The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. (1961:4) The first premise of modernisation theory reflected by development ladder is that development happened in a sequential process through stage by stage while the second premise underpinned by ‘development ladder’ is conformity towards Wests values and norms. However, these two premises are found to be problematic as they are neglecting the differences in societies and assuming that the development ladder system is†¦show more content†¦This is the part where obstructions to achieve development are overcome whether in social, political or in technological aspects. The drive to maturity stage happens approximately 40 years after the take-off stage ends. The society should be able to employ the newly improvised techniques on variety of its resources compared to the previous original methods in several industries of production. This section is where the society has the capability to just create anything and everything with polished skill and advanced technology according to Rostow.(1961:4) When the society reaches the age of high mass-consumption stage, it denotes the final stage in development ladder. The focus of the production has been changed towards sturdy consumer goods and services as the increased resources are able to be allocated for social benefits and security. In the meantime, the income and productivity are increased as well as the number of conversions to high skilled jobs. This last stage is the main goal of development and modernisation that must be realised by surpassing all the former stages. Development ladder carves the fixed path for all societies regardless of the background. Development depicted through develo pment ladder is progressed linearly throughout the process. Rostow suggested that the development is shaped stage by stage towards modernisation. This tenet is not credible as these stages are centralised on Western and highly ethnocentrism. It isShow MoreRelatedWorld Theory And Wallersteins Stages Of Social And Economic Development731 Words   |  3 Pagesessay attempts to compare and to contrast the theories of Walt Rostows stages of social and economic development and Wallersteins world system theory. The Rostows five-stage model of economic growth and core-periphery concept of Wallerstein’s three-part world system theory are both used to identify a countrys development. Although they have similarities, there are differences between the two models. Rostows five-stage model emphasizes on the development process of countries. 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Principle of Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Principle of Project Management. Answer: The post has been highly effective to compare as well as contrast between the usages of different standards within the organization. In this context it has been identified that PMBok is the most effective to be familiar with the standardized process of any project management. It includes nine most crucial areas of project management, which are quality management, communications management, risk management, procurement management, human resources management, cost management, time management, scope management and integration management (Snyder, 2014). At the same time, Prince2 is the most wide spread practice methodology that promotes a structural business approach within the organization. Application of Prince2 effectively enhances the team coordination be making everyone aware of the project goals, responsibilities, quality requirement, stages as well as performance requirement. On the other hand, the ISO standard is effective for enabling the organization to understand the relations hip between discipline and business environment. Similarly, every industry adheres to any standards to maintain its level of effectiveness and quality. The application of these standards in global, cross cultural as well as international platform has been succinctly depicted in this post. It has been appropriately reflected that the standard itself would not be affected due to the change of platform. However, the policies under the standard must be used differently to accommodate different workforce (Burke, 2013). In addition to that, the post has identified that management approach and structure need to modified in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility within the team to accomplish the project in a dynamic, albeit collaborative manner. The post has attempted to compare and contrast the major standards used in various industry for project management. Although the post has been effective to provide necessary information regarding the each standard, it has failed to draw necessary argument to depict the comparative evaluation of these standards. The post has also failed to address the key features of each standard to draw an argument in the context of their relevance in the project management. The post needed to state the benefits of these standards for using in project management so that the comparison can be drawn from the level of effectiveness of these standards. It has been wrongfully stated that as PMBok and Prince2 is compatible, they have no difference between them. It has been observed that while PMBok largely comprises with knowledge of project management, Prince2 focuses on the execution of the project in a controlled environment. ISO 21500, on the other hand provides distinct norms to followed by the organ ization to have a greater efficiency and safety within the projects (Too Weaver, 2014). The post has been failed to provide necessary information regarding the application of these standards in the global, cross cultural as well as international platform. The post needed to present how the standards interact with each of the platforms at the time of executing the project. It could have been stated that although the project standards are not affected with the change of platform, the underlying processes need to be modified according to the requirement of the project and accommodation of the workforce (Kerzner, 2013). Reference List: Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Too, E. G., Weaver, P. (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), 1382-1394.

Techniques of effective coordination free essay sample

The basic objectives of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of other. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination. (1) Coordination by Effective Communication. In an organization, the chain of command is the most important method of coordination. Superior because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration, coordination is achieved. (2) Coordination by Leadership. Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identity of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practise leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. (3) Coordination by Effective Communication. Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals and groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsi bility recently and relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of effective coordination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus effective communication provided horizontal as well as as vertical coordination if there is a free and adequate flow of communications in all directions – horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which affects flow of messages adversely. (4) Coordination by committees. Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as a group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and other makes recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. (5) Coordination by General Staff. Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for coordination. This staff enjoys a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge,  is able to access the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus the coordination is achieve by supplying inter-departmental information. (6) Special Coordinators. In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some specified activities (7) Self Coordination. This principle states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other deparments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related department. However this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control. Techniques of effective coordination free essay sample The basic objectives of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of other. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination. (1) Coordination by Effective Communication. In an organization, the chain of command is the most important method of coordination. Superior because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration, coordination is achieved. (2) Coordination by Leadership. Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identity of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practise leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. (3) Coordination by Effective Communication. Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals and groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsi bility recently and relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of effective coordination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus effective communication provided horizontal as well as as vertical coordination if there is a free and adequate flow of communications in all directions – horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which affects flow of messages adversely. (4) Coordination by committees. Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as a group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and other makes recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. (5) Coordination by General Staff. Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for coordination. This staff enjoys a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge,  is able to access the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus the coordination is achieve by supplying inter-departmental information. (6) Special Coordinators. In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some specified activities (7) Self Coordination. This principle states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other deparments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related department. However this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control.

Sustainable Global Energy Options

Abstract In the recent past, nuclear energy sources have proofed dangerous to the environment due to the poisonous emissions they produce. Fossil fuels are also diminishing and their energy has become very expensive. Other sustainable sources do exist that are a bit cheaper, clean, renewable and long lasting.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sustainable Global Energy Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology can be applied to make some nuclear sources safer. The only problem that exists is the level of advancement in production of these sources although some countries such as the US and Germany have successfully invented in these sources. If these sources are embraced in all countries, in combination they can be able to produce more than enough energy that is capable of meeting the demand. These sources are safe and regardless of their technological advancement, they can be opted for in order to counter the inflation in the energy sector and save the environment from pollution. This is important as all irrespective of their financial status will be able to afford energy for various uses such as domestic and industrial needs. Introduction A sustainable energy can be defined as energy that can be harnessed and used in a manner that ensures a sustainable development for a long period of time. It concerns how the available resources can be utilized without strain due to the number of people demanding for its use. Here sustainability looks at the three pillars of development that is social, economic and environmental (Kruger 2006). Over the past, energy from nuclear emitters has been in use and it has been believed to be a safe form of energy, though in the recent, it has proved otherwise especially in matters concerning environmental pollution. The cost of fuel and energy has also gone very high. Therefore, there is a need for formulation of new policies that will encourage en ergy delivery in a more efficient and safer manner thus leading to an equitable, economic viable and environmental sound globe. According to a research report on a sustainable global renewable energy system, it is possible to achieve renewable energy sources at a global level by 2050; these sources will put in mind the level of poverty in the developing world, available resources, population growth, climate change and the energy demand in various sectors such as transport, industries, buildings and services. Energy is used in three major forms; fuel, heat and electricity. To achieve this sustainability in energy production, renewable sources such as solar, biogas, wind, hydropower, geothermal, waves and tides should be considered (Kruger 2006). Implementation and success of such sources of energy in various countries proves that options safer than nuclear energy exist and can be successfully implemented at their current level of development.Advertising Looking for research pape r on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Solar energy In this source of energy, two types are put into consideration, active and passive. In active, photovoltaic panels (PV) are used to convert sunlight into useful energy where as in passive, useful sun rays such as sunlight are trapped. In active type, the panels have cells that are composed of semiconductor materials such as silicon. In its development, important to consider is the availability of space in which to erect the panels (Dawson, Spannagle 2009). The amount of energy produced depends on the amount sunlight heating the panels thus the angle of sun’s incidence and the duration in hours of sunlight availability is also vital. It is a cost effective system in that no raw material is required neither is a station necessary for its operation. Maintenance is not required at a large scale and this makes it less expensive thus achievable also in the de veloping world. Solar energy is also inexhaustible as long as the sun is available. Apart from the disadvantaged countries where by the sun is affected by snow, hailstone and thick cloud cover and especially those at the poles, this energy are viable in many of the globe’s countries. The only extra cost that is incurred in harnessing this type of energy is the purchasing of storage facilities such as batteries and fuel cells. Environmentally, there is no form of pollution experienced with this kind of energy or any hazardous material produced apart maybe from residues emanating from the manufacture of the semiconductors used. No noise is produced, meaning that these plants can be placed near residential places and other environments where no noise is permitted such as learning institutions and hospitals. Apart from electricity, solar energy can be used to create fuel for example, by use of this energy to burn hydrogen and heat up biomass fuel. Generally, solar energy can be u sed for various uses ranging from domestic hot water (DWH) to industrial process heat (IPH), meaning that it can be able to cater for the current world energy needs (Dawson, Spannagle 2009). Most of the developing countries are near the equator and they can therefore be in a position to harness as much as the solar energy as possible. An example of country that has embraced solar energy is South Africa where a group known as solar energy international (SEI) advocates for use of this form of energy to ensure sustainability, poverty eradication and to embrace globalization. The group mobilizes development organization and other stakeholders by offering training and education on the use of the technologies involved. PV systems worth millions of dollars have been implemented in Indonesia and Philippines. Kenya is also mentioned among these countries. Although the initial cost for such projects is high, they become economical in their operational phases thus making it a viable source of energy even in the developing countries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sustainable Global Energy Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wind power Wind is usually in the form of kinetic energy and through the use of turbines, is is possible to converse it into electric energy. Usually, these turbines are placed on a higher ground where the winds blow at a higher speed. Just like solar energy, wind power requires a large piece of land for the installations of the turbines (Kruger 2006). There are no hazardous products or dangerous emissions by these turbines compared to nuclear sources. The aesthetic value of the places of installation is affected but this effect is harmless to the surrounding. No raw material is required and this makes it a cost effective project to handle especially with the developing countries and the rising costs of other available sources of energy. Germany has hea vily invested in this type of energy with 17,574 installations in 2005 which generated 4.3per cent of the energy required. If f more emphasis is put on this, it is a viable source of energy in the current world. Besides its advantages, it is clear that it has some obvious demerits such as noise pollution produced by the rotating turbines. Therefore, it is not appropriate to install such stations near noise sensitive environments. Also, the wind is not available at all the times but this does not nullify its effectiveness because these turbines can be concentrated in regions such as off shores where there is a lot of wind that moves at a higher speed (Wengenmayr Bà ¼hrke 2008). Canada has also invested in wind power with 97% of its energy production coming from wind in 2005.Several installations have been put in place both by the government and individuals. In Canada a business turbine can produce up to 1,800 kW at a cost of between 2000-2750 Canadian dollars (Bernstein 2008).Though this source of energy is environmentally and economically sustainable, it has not been embraced by many nations, but with its success in some countries such as the above mentioned, it will be advisable for nations to consider this type of energy. Hydroelectric power The main source of energy here is flowing water. It can be regarded as a source of free electricity though the cost is incurred in the harnessing and transmitting. Its harnessing involves either impoundment or diversion of some water from a flowing river, although dam construction is the most common method used. Apart from distraction of the ecosystems such as migration of fish, this method is advantageous compared to the use of fossil fuels because the cost of operation is low and there no known forms of pollution experienced. To avoid much distraction to the fish ecosystem, propellers that are less harmful in turning the turbines can be used and ladders used to encourage fish movement upwards and downwards a river.Adv ertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Large dams are not necessarily required as a micro one can produce enough electricity for a home or a farm, and this makes it affordable by a majority more so in the developing world (Green energy 2011). Although dam sites are determined by the available rivers and other uses such as recreational, industrial, settlement and other functions, the much that is produced combined with others can be enough for use. Countries with big rivers are advantaged because the energy harnessed can be used for industrial purposes. The created dams act as resoviours and create home for both terrestrial and aquatic life, controls rate of floods downstream of a river and at times can act as a tourist attraction center generating foreign exchange to that country. Hydro electricity can therefore be termed as a sustainable form of energy socially, economically and environmentally. It is used in most of the developed countries such as the United States of America where most of industries are located near w ater bodies in order to use the energy generated from this waters. Some good examples in the United States include Colorado River and Tennessee Valley. Other countries include Kenya, Canada, Germany and others. Though this form of energy can be affected by climatic changes which has affected the amount of water in the rivers, it is a safe and cleaner form of energy which can be produced for a long period of time (Green energy 2011). Nuclear options Nuclear energy production can be safe when especially the right technology is used; however, the wastes produced are what proofs troublesome. Nuclear fission occurs naturally and much can be gained by utilizing the natural process. If engineers can learn from their previous mistakes, then the improved design in power plant reactors can lead to a secure source of energy that is both environmental friendly and sustainable. One of the technologies is Uranium reprocessing where by just like in a fuel refinery, coal and biomass are used for th e production of electric power, liquid fuels and chemicals such as ammonia, a network of pipes is fed with hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce fuel and other chemicals through various processes. The synthesis gas produced is used to burn coal and biomass in order to produce energy and chemicals. This is a process that is cheap in the sense that there are no extra costs for transportation, no need for a gasolification facility and the gas produced is more or less the same as a natural gas. Because of its ease production, both large and small scale processes can employ this technology for energy production. Chemicals produced like ammonia are used as fertilizers. Such technologies have been successful in the US and they have several advantages as compared to coal and petroleum (Suppes Storvic 2007). Other sources There are also other sources that can produce energy in a sustainable manner; such include the geothermal power where heat is harnessed fro underground through maybe a fl uid allowed to flow through the porous rocks which produces heat. This heat is eventually tapped through a turbine and used for electricity generation, in this technology, other forms of gases that are harmful to the environment can escape into the air thus causing pollution, this include, nitric oxide, sulphur and carbon dioxide. Energy can also be harnessed from the ocean, which is the use of tides and waves. In tides, water energy is used to drive water in and out of a dam thus driving an electrical turbine while the wave’s oscillations can be used to generate hydraulic pressure for driving motors which in turn can be used to produce electricity. These sources are environmentally friendly because there are no emissions involved although they cannot be used in most parts of the world since not all of them have oceans or are close to one and in any case the available ones cannot be enough to produce enough energy to meet the demand. Conclusion A number of sources for sustain able energy exist, but they have not been fully embraced. Though with the rising costs of fuel and the need to combat the effects rendered by the emissions produced during fossil fuel burning, there is an urgent need to consider all these alternatives in order to meet the energy demand in a more sustainable, effective, sufficient and environmental friendly manner. If all these forms of renewable energy sources are put in place, then it is possible to meet the energy demand at a global level. References List Bernstein, S. Bernstein, F. (2008). A globally integrated climate policy for Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Cowie, J. (2007). Climate change: biological and human aspects. London: Cambridge University Press. Dawson, B. Spannagle, G. (2009). The complete guide to climate change. London:Taylor Francis. Ferguson,Charles, (2007). Nuclear energy: balancing benefits and risks. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. Green energy. (2011). Hydro power as a renewable sourc e of energy. Web. Kruger, P. (2006). Alternative energy resources: the quest for sustainable energy. Ontario: John Wiley. Nationalatlsa.gov. (n.d) Renewable energy sources in the United States. Web. Suppes, J,G. Storvick, S.T. (2007) Sustainable nuclear power, Ontario: Academic Press. Wengenmayr, R., Bà ¼hrke, T. (2008). Renewable energy: sustainable energy concepts  for the future. Berlin: Wiley-VCH. This research paper on Sustainable Global Energy Options was written and submitted by user Amalia I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.