The Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison And Gorilla My Love By...

Clearness of Vision and of Life In both Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison and Gorilla My Love by Toni Bambara, the description of the main character s vision symbolizes the character’s conceptualization of their future. Both of these stories’ main characters start with clear vision and a clear sense of their futures. In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the narrator is tasked with the responsibility of driving Mr. Norton around; at the beginning of the drive, the narrator intently listens to Mr. Norton’s story and has his â€Å"eyes glued to the white line dividing the highway† (Ellison 31). He focuses on driving and doing his job correctly; similarly the narrator also heavily focuses on his academic success at the university and completing his job†¦show more content†¦At school, he no longer has to fight for money in battle royals; he can focus on his studies. He focuses on the white line while driving just as he focuses on his education at this point in his life. This same symbolism also in Toni Bambara s Gorilla My Love. The narrative begins with the narrator, Hazel, in the front seat of the car, reading the map and giving her grandfather directions. At this point in her story, Hazel can clearly read the map and give directions. Regarding her map-reading duties, Hazel states, â€Å"when you sittin in the navigator seat with a wet thumb on the map crinkly in your lap, watchin the roads...you got sense enough to say take the next exit or take a left† (Bambara 1). Due to her ability to clearly read the map and give directions, it can be concluded that her vision is not clouded by anything at this time. She knows where she is going and how to get there; Hazel still has â€Å"got sense enough to say take the next exit or take a left† (Bambara 1). She does not have a trouble in the world and she simply is doing what she always does, reading the map for her grandfather. Hazel still believes that her uncle will actually marry her and t hat she will become his wife. Her future is still clear and unobstructed; she can clearly see which way to go and how to get there. But this initial clear vision does not last for both narrators, instead, both of

Essay on Modernization Theory The Development Ladder

Modernisation theory has been a dominant theory since post-World War II (McMichael 2012:5) to describe development and social change. It is structured and outlined through five different stages of development ladder proposed by Walt Whitman Rostow in The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. (1961:4) The first premise of modernisation theory reflected by development ladder is that development happened in a sequential process through stage by stage while the second premise underpinned by ‘development ladder’ is conformity towards Wests values and norms. However, these two premises are found to be problematic as they are neglecting the differences in societies and assuming that the development ladder system is†¦show more content†¦This is the part where obstructions to achieve development are overcome whether in social, political or in technological aspects. The drive to maturity stage happens approximately 40 years after the take-off stage ends. The society should be able to employ the newly improvised techniques on variety of its resources compared to the previous original methods in several industries of production. This section is where the society has the capability to just create anything and everything with polished skill and advanced technology according to Rostow.(1961:4) When the society reaches the age of high mass-consumption stage, it denotes the final stage in development ladder. The focus of the production has been changed towards sturdy consumer goods and services as the increased resources are able to be allocated for social benefits and security. In the meantime, the income and productivity are increased as well as the number of conversions to high skilled jobs. This last stage is the main goal of development and modernisation that must be realised by surpassing all the former stages. Development ladder carves the fixed path for all societies regardless of the background. Development depicted through develo pment ladder is progressed linearly throughout the process. Rostow suggested that the development is shaped stage by stage towards modernisation. This tenet is not credible as these stages are centralised on Western and highly ethnocentrism. It isShow MoreRelatedWorld Theory And Wallersteins Stages Of Social And Economic Development731 Words   |  3 Pagesessay attempts to compare and to contrast the theories of Walt Rostows stages of social and economic development and Wallersteins world system theory. The Rostows five-stage model of economic growth and core-periphery concept of Wallerstein’s three-part world system theory are both used to identify a countrys development. Although they have similarities, there are differences between the two models. Rostows five-stage model emphasizes on the development process of countries. 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Principle of Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Principle of Project Management. Answer: The post has been highly effective to compare as well as contrast between the usages of different standards within the organization. In this context it has been identified that PMBok is the most effective to be familiar with the standardized process of any project management. It includes nine most crucial areas of project management, which are quality management, communications management, risk management, procurement management, human resources management, cost management, time management, scope management and integration management (Snyder, 2014). At the same time, Prince2 is the most wide spread practice methodology that promotes a structural business approach within the organization. Application of Prince2 effectively enhances the team coordination be making everyone aware of the project goals, responsibilities, quality requirement, stages as well as performance requirement. On the other hand, the ISO standard is effective for enabling the organization to understand the relations hip between discipline and business environment. Similarly, every industry adheres to any standards to maintain its level of effectiveness and quality. The application of these standards in global, cross cultural as well as international platform has been succinctly depicted in this post. It has been appropriately reflected that the standard itself would not be affected due to the change of platform. However, the policies under the standard must be used differently to accommodate different workforce (Burke, 2013). In addition to that, the post has identified that management approach and structure need to modified in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility within the team to accomplish the project in a dynamic, albeit collaborative manner. The post has attempted to compare and contrast the major standards used in various industry for project management. Although the post has been effective to provide necessary information regarding the each standard, it has failed to draw necessary argument to depict the comparative evaluation of these standards. The post has also failed to address the key features of each standard to draw an argument in the context of their relevance in the project management. The post needed to state the benefits of these standards for using in project management so that the comparison can be drawn from the level of effectiveness of these standards. It has been wrongfully stated that as PMBok and Prince2 is compatible, they have no difference between them. It has been observed that while PMBok largely comprises with knowledge of project management, Prince2 focuses on the execution of the project in a controlled environment. ISO 21500, on the other hand provides distinct norms to followed by the organ ization to have a greater efficiency and safety within the projects (Too Weaver, 2014). The post has been failed to provide necessary information regarding the application of these standards in the global, cross cultural as well as international platform. The post needed to present how the standards interact with each of the platforms at the time of executing the project. It could have been stated that although the project standards are not affected with the change of platform, the underlying processes need to be modified according to the requirement of the project and accommodation of the workforce (Kerzner, 2013). Reference List: Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Too, E. G., Weaver, P. (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), 1382-1394.

Techniques of effective coordination free essay sample

The basic objectives of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of other. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination. (1) Coordination by Effective Communication. In an organization, the chain of command is the most important method of coordination. Superior because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration, coordination is achieved. (2) Coordination by Leadership. Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identity of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practise leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. (3) Coordination by Effective Communication. Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals and groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsi bility recently and relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of effective coordination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus effective communication provided horizontal as well as as vertical coordination if there is a free and adequate flow of communications in all directions – horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which affects flow of messages adversely. (4) Coordination by committees. Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as a group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and other makes recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. (5) Coordination by General Staff. Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for coordination. This staff enjoys a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge,  is able to access the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus the coordination is achieve by supplying inter-departmental information. (6) Special Coordinators. In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some specified activities (7) Self Coordination. This principle states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other deparments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related department. However this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control. Techniques of effective coordination free essay sample The basic objectives of all managerial functions is to get things done by coordinated efforts of other. Thus, every function leads to coordination. However, following are the specific techniques for achieving coordination. (1) Coordination by Effective Communication. In an organization, the chain of command is the most important method of coordination. Superior because of his organizational position, has the authority to issue orders and instructions to his subordinates. Weber has indicated that in a controlled administration, coordination is achieved. (2) Coordination by Leadership. Leadership brings individual motivation and persuades the group to have identity of interests and outlook in group efforts. Ordway Tead has stated that top management should practise leadership because without it, no coordination can be achieved. (3) Coordination by Effective Communication. Communication helps to developing understanding between individuals and groups among whom coordination is to be achieved. Through communication, every person understands his scope and limits of functioning, authority and responsi bility recently and relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of effective coordination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus effective communication provided horizontal as well as as vertical coordination if there is a free and adequate flow of communications in all directions – horizontal, vertical, upward and downward. Communication to be effective does not require only a communication network but to keep the network free from any barrier, which affects flow of messages adversely. (4) Coordination by committees. Committees are the body of persons entrusted with discharging some functions collectively as a group. Some committees have the authority to take decisions and other makes recommendations only. The decisions of the committees are group decisions and the persons whose departments are affected by decisions generally constitute the committees. Thus the decisions themselves provide coordination among various functions of the organization. (5) Coordination by General Staff. Generally, in big organizations there is general staff meant for coordination. This staff enjoys a central position in communication network. All the heads of departments and sections send the various information to this center. This center stores the information and sends to various departments only relevant and related information. This center, because of its specialized knowledge,  is able to access the relevance and need of various information for a department. Thus the coordination is achieve by supplying inter-departmental information. (6) Special Coordinators. In some organizations, special coordinators are appointed for coordinating some specified activities (7) Self Coordination. This principle states that a particular department affects other departments and in turn is affected by them. However this department has no control over others. In such a case, if other deparments modify their actions in such a way that this affects the particular department favorably, self-coordination is achieved. This requires effective communication across the department so that they are able to appreciate the functioning of related department. However this method is not free from limitations and shortcomings and in the organization, favorable climate and environment need to be created for self-control.